Obesity is a degree of obesity that has adverse effects on a person’s health, meaning something that is important to people beyond beauty, which is health.
\nAlthough obesity itself is not considered a disease, many health problems and issues arise from this degree of obesity.<\/p>\n
What is the difference between obesity and obesity?<\/p>\n
The distinction between the two is easily possible by calculating the BMI formula for each person. If BMI (BODY MASS INDEX) is between 18.5 and 24.9, a person is considered normal. If it is above 25, the person is overweight, and above 30, the person is considered obese.<\/p>\n
BMI = weight in kilograms \/ height in meters squared<\/p>\n
Naturally, obesity can occur in any person whenever the amount of energy intake in food does not equal the amount of energy consumed, in other words, the intake is greater, and this is almost the same for both sexes, men and women, with the difference that the formula for the amount of energy required in each sex is slightly different from each other.<\/p>\n
The way fat is concentrated and accumulated is also slightly different in men and women, and it seems that sex hormones play a role in the distribution and location of fat accumulation, so that women are more likely to have obesity in the thighs and buttocks, and men are more likely to have central obesity, that is, fat accumulation in the abdominal area. And by the way, these areas are the areas that lose weight later than other areas.<\/p>\n
Nowadays, obesity and even extreme obesity are observed among all age groups and even young children, and this issue is more common in developed countries and is increasing in developing countries.<\/p>\n
Therefore, despite the fact that inheritance is known to play a role in the occurrence and development of obesity, eating habits such as eating high-fat foods, eating too many snacks, and eating foods and snacks while doing other activities such as watching television or doing schoolwork play a more important role in the occurrence of obesity. It has been seen that obese parents with a wrong lifestyle have obese children.<\/p>\n
Of course, some metabolic diseases in children can lead to extreme obesity in them.<\/p>\n
When we eat, blood sugar rises and this glucose goes to the cells that use it to produce energy, and the excess is used to produce glycogen in the liver, which is actually the liver’s food reserve for times of hunger. In fact, glycogen is another form of sugar in liver and muscle cells, but of course the body can only store small amounts of glucose as glycogen, and not all excess glucose will be converted to glucagon in liver and muscle cells, and therefore excess glucose will be stored as fat in adipose tissue cells, both in subcutaneous adipose tissue and in adipose tissue around internal organs, and some will also accumulate in the bone marrow and breasts.<\/p>\n
Fat accumulation is also influenced by hormones secreted by adipose tissue, such as leptin, resistin, and estradiol. These hormones also affect a person’s appetite and make them feel hungry, so storing more fat will equal more appetite.<\/p>\n
Psychological stress can also affect appetite by affecting these same hormones, so it is very likely that obese people will have a greater appetite for food following psychological stress.<\/p>\n
On the other hand, there is also a chemical in the brain that is responsible for long-term memory, which seems to be involved in controlling appetite. It is called (BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR) which is secreted from the hypothalamus. This substance and LEPTIN play a role in regulating a person’s appetite.<\/p>\n
Many factors can lead a person to obesity, the most common of which are modern lifestyles, including poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle.<\/p>\n
However, other factors are also involved in the occurrence of obesity, such as: heredity (genetics), some internal diseases such as hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, the use of certain medications such as insulin, some antidepressants, some antipsychotic drugs, steroids (cortisone) and some anticonvulsants, blood sugar control drugs (such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones), beta blockers, on the other hand, some mental problems such as depression and eating disorders (binge eating disorder), aging is also an important factor in which weight gain occurs due to a decrease in metabolism on the one hand and a decrease in activity on the other.<\/p>\n
Heredity also seems to play a relatively important role in the occurrence of obesity, and this has led to some genes that play a role in controlling appetite and also the level of basal metabolism being considered important factors in controlling obesity.<\/p>\n
The relationship between depression and obesity:<\/p>\n
Depressed people sometimes tend to overeat, which has nothing to do with the feeling of hunger in these people. They do not tend to do sports, and this causes them to constantly get fatter and fatter, and this causes a kind of psychological stress for them, which leads to more severe depression, more cravings for food, and more obesity.<\/p>\n
Sleeping well is essential for a healthy body and a healthy and flawless metabolism. People who do not sleep well secrete a hormone in their body that increases appetite, and on the other hand, leptin secretion, which plays a role in appetite control, decreases. Therefore, lack of sleep makes a person prone to obesity.<\/p>\n
Smoking is associated with increased insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Smokers usually have a large abdominal circumference (abdominal obesity), which can be related to high blood cortisol levels in these people. Nicotine, which is found in cigarettes, is known as a substance that increases metabolism, but on the other hand, it increases fat accumulation in the body. On the other hand, smokers are prone to obesity after quitting smoking due to improved appetite.<\/p>\n
Insulin: Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar. If for any reason the level of insulin in the body increases, the body has a greater tendency to convert the food eaten into fat.<\/p>\n
Leptin: Leptin is a hormone secreted by fat cells and regulates the feeling of hunger. Some people have leptin receptors in their bodies that are resistant to this hormone, so the body compensates by secreting more leptin, and this excess leptin increases appetite and feelings of hunger, causing obesity.<\/p>\n
Serotonin: Serotonin is a chemical mediator in the brain that causes a feeling of euphoria. When the level of serotonin in the blood is high, a person feels full and satiated. Conversely, when the amount of this substance in the blood is low, for example, in depression, a person feels the need to eat more and this leads to obesity.<\/p>\n
Estrogen: High levels of estrogen can cause weight gain, and this can be the reason for the increased susceptibility to obesity in women who use contraceptive drugs or in women who are in premenopausal age, the susceptibility to obesity increases due to increased estrogen.<\/p>\n
Thyroid hormones: These hormones increase the body’s metabolism. Therefore, in conditions of deficiency or absence of these hormones, a person becomes obese.<\/p>\n
When is a person said to be very obese or obese:<\/p>\n
The percentage of total fat that a person has is actually the same as the degree of obesity or obesity. Although measuring this percentage is not very convenient and practical, it is often used to diagnose a person’s BMI. However, it is very dependent on the amount of muscle mass of the person and can be said to be an inaccurate but statistical method.<\/p>\n
People with high fat mass have a reduced rate of glucose absorption by their cells, which leads to high levels of glucose in the blood and increases the level of the hormone insulin, thus increasing the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
\nObesity, especially abdominal obesity, accelerates the process of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular accidents.
\nIncreased susceptibility to osteoarthritis of weight-bearing joints, especially the knees and even other joints of the body, as well as an increased risk of falls and bone fractures
\nIncreased susceptibility to gallstones
\nOn the other hand, obesity, especially in children, causes a decrease in self-confidence, social isolation and depression.
\nIncreased susceptibility to and development of cancers of the breast, uterus, cervix, cervix, ovaries, colon and rectum, gallbladder and prostate<\/p>\n
As explained above, controlling obesity is not a complicated task at all. It is enough to change your lifestyle, i.e. eat low-calorie foods and eliminate bad eating habits on the one hand, and increase your level of activity in your life, such as walking for half an hour a day or any other aerobic exercise, climbing stairs, walking to the grocery store, etc., and you can quickly take steps towards losing weight.<\/p>\n
These methods are recommended for a person who has not been able to lose weight with the above measures or is in the group of people with fatal obesity. In this case, for this latter group, drug and surgical treatments are used to start treatment and must be continued with lifestyle changes.<\/p>\n
Surgery as a treatment for obesity after going through all the above steps is recommended for people who have a BMI above 40 or people who have a BMI between 35 and 40 but suffer from obesity complications or concomitant internal diseases or have lost their social efficiency. In addition to treating obesity, this method also treats fat, cholesterol, blood sugar and heart problems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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