Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, and due to the multifactorial nature of the disease, various factors play a role in it. Due to the reduced sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes, glucose homeostasis is impaired, which ultimately leads to hyperglycemia.<\/p>\n
Oxidative stress, which is the result of an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s antioxidant defense, is increased in diabetes. One of the factors that leads to increased oxidative stress is hyperglycemia. Given the existence of oxidative stress and its effect on accelerating the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, extensive studies have been conducted to investigate how to reduce oxidants in the body and the optimal use of synthetic and non-synthetic antioxidants. Antioxidant effects have also been observed in various plants in recent years, and all of them indicate the very prominent role of oxidative stress in diabetes and its complications.<\/p>\n
Dietary phytochemicals, of which polyphenols are a major component, may have an impact on obesity-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Phytochemicals, especially polyphenols (found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, berries, beverages, and medicinal plants), may affect lipid and glucose homeostasis in the body, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic diseases and type 2 diabetes. Obesity and, consequently, obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body, especially around the abdomen and flanks,<\/p>\n
It increases the risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. Oxidative stress also plays an important role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance in the body.<\/p>\n
Various antioxidants present in food play an important role in reducing obesity-related diseases. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.<\/p>\n
Phytochemicals are a large group of secondary metabolites in plants that contribute to the color and flavor of fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant role of phytochemicals, especially polyphenols and carotenoids, has been extensively studied, and the relationship of these phytochemicals to type 2 diabetes is currently being investigated.<\/p>\n
Several studies have investigated the reduction of antioxidants in plasma, such as tocopherol, carotene, lutein, retinol, and ascorbic acid, during the course of diabetes and its associated diseases. Flavonoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol are among the most important antioxidants studied. Some antioxidant vitamins and their derivatives are effective in regulating cellular glucose uptake and insulin secretion, as well as lipid metabolism. Blueberry extract increases glucose uptake by muscle cells in the presence of insulin.<\/p>\n
Purple corn extract, which contains a large amount of cyaniding glucoside, is effective in controlling diabetes caused by obesity. Important antioxidants include carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin A, selenium, and phytochemicals. It is better for antioxidants to enter the body through natural foods, not supplements. In short, despite the body’s natural metabolism, exposure to a series of conditions such as cigarettes and cigarette smoke, pollution, unnecessary chemicals entering the body in any way, radiation, and even stress produces free radicals in the body that can harm the body; these factors are oxidants. By creating free radicals, oxidants cause long-term damage to the body and cause many chronic diseases. Antioxidants are factors that protect cells against oxidants and prevent cell destruction and chronic damage, including types of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and…<\/p>\n
Types of Antioxidants<\/p>\n
Carotenoids: Carotenoids are precursors of vitamin A. Phytochemicals found in yellow, orange, and red fruits and vegetables.<\/p>\n
Vitamin C: Vitamin C is one of the most important factors in the immune system. It also plays a very important role in the production of collagen in the body. Citrus fruits, vegetables, and fresh fruits are rich in this vitamin. This vitamin is sensitive to heat and a large amount of it is lost in high temperatures. Adult men need 90 milligrams per day and adult women need 75 milligrams per day.<\/p>\n
Vitamin E: Vitamin E is one of the fat-soluble vitamins that is very important and essential for the immune system. The best food sources of vitamin E include: nuts, margarine, and vegetable oils such as wheat germ oil, soybeans, almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, corn, flaxseed, and olives. Its daily requirement for adults is 15 milligrams.<\/p>\n
Selenium: Selenium is a trace element that is present in small amounts in the body, and despite this small amount, it is very essential and vital. Selenium acts as a very strong antioxidant in the body in conjunction with protein and protects the body against free radicals.<\/p>\n
In a series of studies, it seems that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer is lower in people whose diet has a higher selenium content. Antioxidants are factors that protect cells against oxidants and prevent cell damage and chronic damage, including types of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, etc. The selenium content of foods depends on the amount of selenium in the soil or water that the plant or animal feeds on. However, due to its binding to protein, it is present in all animal foods. Its main sources include seafood, kidneys, liver, meat and poultry. The selenium content in grains varies and depends on where they grow. Our body needs 55 micrograms of selenium daily.<\/p>\n
Phytochemicals: Phytochemicals are natural chemicals that are naturally found in vegetables, fruits, seeds, nuts and legumes. One group of them is carotenoids such as beta-carotene, lycopene, xanthine, etc. Another group is flavonoids. All antioxidants can be found in all food groups, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, meat, poultry and fish. Today, various antioxidant supplements have been produced, but let’s not forget to use supplements less when we can provide them naturally to our bodies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, and due to the multifactorial nature of the disease, various factors play a role in it. Due to the reduced sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes, glucose homeostasis is impaired, which ultimately leads to hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress, which is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical-pharma-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7541"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7542,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7541\/revisions\/7542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afachemi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}