100 Pieces
Oral
100mg, 25mg
Allopurinol
100 and 300 mg lined tablets
This medicine has been prescribed for your current condition, so do not use it in similar cases or recommend its use to others.
General instructions:
Before taking this medicine, consult your doctor in the following cases:
If you are allergic to this medicine or any other substance such as food, preservatives, dyes, etc.
If you have a history of any disease.
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
If you are taking any medication.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding:
Allopurinol should not be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless advised by a specialist.
Warnings:
If you have liver or kidney disease, allopurinol should be prescribed in lower doses and the patient should be monitored.
If you have high blood pressure or any type of heart disease and are taking diuretics or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, you should consult your doctor.
Consult your doctor if you have recently had a gout attack or a history of thyroid disease.
Be sure to tell your doctor if you have a history of skin diseases. Allopurinol can cause skin rashes (drug allergy syndrome, Stevens Johnson, toxic epidermal necrolysis). Sometimes skin symptoms are accompanied by congestion of the throat and nose, mouth ulcers and flu-like symptoms. In these cases, the drug should be discontinued immediately and consult a doctor. These symptoms are more common in Chinese, Taiwanese, and Korean races.
If you have kidney failure, the risk of skin symptoms increases.
If you have kidney stones, taking the drug can make the stones smaller and may enter the urinary tract.
Allopurinol may interact with aspirin, blood pressure reducers such as captopril, antibiotics such as amoxicillin or amoxicillin, blood thinners such as warfarin, antidiabetic drugs, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin or carbamazepine, chemotherapy drugs, immunomodulators, asthma drugs, digestive drugs such as aluminum hydroxide, and antiviral drugs, so consult your doctor if you are taking the following medications.
Dosage:
The doctor will determine the dosage for each patient. However, the usual dosage is as follows.
Gout, kidney stones:
Adults: Start with 100 mg per day and increase to 200 to 300 mg per day (mild gout) and 400 to 600 mg per day (moderate to severe gout) weekly.
Up to 300 mg can be taken once a day, but doses above 300 should be taken in divided doses.
Children: Start with 10 to 20 mg/kg and increase to a maximum of 600 mg/day.
Hyperuricemia due to malignancy:
Adults: 600 to 800 mg every 8 to 12 hours, starting one to two days before chemotherapy.
Children:
Under 6 years: 150 mg daily every 8 hours.
6 to 10 years: 300 mg daily every 8 hours or as a single dose.
Over 10 years: 600 to 800 mg daily, starting one to two days before chemotherapy.
Note: In the treatment of hyperuricemia before chemotherapy, 2 to 3 liters of fluids should be consumed daily.
Note: In the elderly, the dosage should be reduced under the supervision of a physician.
Note: In patients with liver failure, the dosage should be reduced.
Note: In patients with kidney failure, less than 100 mg per day is recommended.
How to take the medicine:
The medicine should be taken with food and water.
If you take more than the prescribed amount, see a doctor.
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and do not double the dose.
Avoid stopping the medicine suddenly.
Allopurinol may cause drowsiness and dizziness, so avoid driving or doing things that require great attention.
Side effects:
In addition to the desired therapeutic effects, every medicine may have some unwanted side effects. If any of the following side effects occur, inform your doctor.
Important side effects that require doctor’s notice if they occur:
Severe allergic reactions such as swelling of the face, tongue, lips, difficulty breathing, itching and skin rashes.
Less common side effects:
Fever and chills, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, abdominal pain, liver inflammation, and skin and mucous membrane ulcers.
Rare side effects:
Blood cholesterol disorders, blood in the urine, weakness, confusion, drowsiness, vision problems, chest pain, cataracts, depression, and fatty stools.
Storage conditions:
Store the medicine at a temperature below 30 degrees Celsius, away from light and moisture.
Avoid using expired medicine.
Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.
Dosage forms and packaging:
This medicine is produced and supplied in the form of lined tablets containing 100 and 300 mg of allopurinol in boxes of 100 by Afa Chemie Pharmaceutical Company.
Allopurinol is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in reducing the production of uric acid. It has been used for over 50 years to treat gout and hyperuricemia (high blood uric acid). Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in the body, and its excess can lead to the deposition of urate crystals in the joints and kidneys.
By inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, allopurinol prevents the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. This process not only reduces the production of uric acid but also increases the levels of more soluble precursors such as xanthine and hypoxanthine, which are more readily excreted by the kidneys.
Allopurinol is indicated to reduce the formation of urate/uric acid in conditions where urate/uric acid deposition has already occurred (such as gouty arthritis, tophi, nephrolithiasis) or is a foreseeable clinical risk. For example, it is prescribed for the treatment of malignancy that leads to acute uric acid nephropathy.
Allopurinol is generally well tolerated, but may cause complications in some people.
Less common side effects: fever and chills, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, abdominal pain, liver inflammation, skin and mucous membrane ulcers
Rare side effects: cholesterol disorders, blood in the urine, weakness, confusion, drowsiness, vision problems, chest pain, cataracts, depression, and fatty stools
Allopurinol is used in the following conditions: idiopathic gout, uric acid lithiasis, acute uric acid nephropathy, neoplastic diseases, and myeloproliferative diseases with high cell turnover in which high urate levels occur spontaneously or after chemotherapy. Some enzyme disorders also lead to excessive urate production. Recent studies are investigating the potential of allopurinol for treating other conditions, including high blood pressure and depression.
This drug is widely used to treat chronic gout. Lowering uric acid prevents the formation of urate crystals and reduces joint inflammation. Some types of kidney stones are caused by high levels of uric acid, which allopurinol helps reduce. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (tumor lysis syndrome) may experience a sudden increase in uric acid, which allopurinol can help prevent. Some medications, such as diuretics, can cause high levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia), which allopurinol can help improve.
Allopurinol and cardiovascular disease
The study included participants aged 18 to 40 with high systolic blood pressure and elevated uric acid levels. The results showed that while allopurinol improved endothelial function (the function of blood vessels), it did not produce a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure compared with placebo. These findings suggest that despite improving vascular function, allopurinol may not be effective in lowering blood pressure in this age group.
Allopurinol and Depression
Research has shown that inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase may have a positive effect on serotonin levels in the brain. Recent studies have investigated the role of allopurinol in modulating symptoms of depression. One study found that the drug affects serotonin levels and depression-like behaviors, and may affect mood through its effects on neurotransmitter systems. Research has shown that symptoms of depression can affect the effectiveness of allopurinol in lowering blood uric acid levels. In one clinical trial, people who had higher depression scores at baseline experienced a smaller reduction in uric acid levels after treatment with allopurinol. This suggests that mood disorders may interfere with the effectiveness of this drug in managing hyperuricemia (increased blood uric acid).
Allopurinol in diabetic patients
Type 2 diabetes is often associated with elevated uric acid levels, which can lead to kidney disease. The study showed that allopurinol was effective in reducing proteinuria in diabetic patients, and patients who had used allopurinol for a longer period had a lower incidence of diabetes than those who had used it for a shorter period. This suggests that long-term treatment with allopurinol may be associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Allopurinol in Kidney Disease
Recent studies show that taking allopurinol can slow the progression of chronic kidney disease. Taking this drug in patients with reduced kidney function has improved creatinine levels and reduced inflammation.
The dosage of allopurinol varies depending on the severity of the disease. Usually, the initial dose is 100 to 300 mg per day, which can be increased based on the patient’s response. In patients with kidney failure and the elderly, the dosage should be reduced, and in patients with kidney failure, less than 100 mg per day is recommended.
Gout, kidney stones: Adults start with 100 mg per day and increase weekly to 200 to 300 mg per day (mild gout and 400 to 600 mg per day (moderate to severe gout). Up to 300 mg can be taken once a day, but doses above 300 should be taken in divided doses.
Children: Start with 10 to 20 mg/kg and increase to a maximum of 600 mg per day.
Hyperuricemia due to malignancy:
Adults: 600 to 800 mg every 8 to 12 hours, starting one to two days before chemotherapy.
Children:
Under 6 years: 150 mg daily every 8 hours
6 to 10 years: 300 mg daily every 8 hours or as a single dose
Above 10 years: 600 to 800 mg daily, starting one to two days before chemotherapy.
The drug should be taken with food and water and fluids (2 liters per day). Allopurinol may cause drowsiness and dizziness, so avoid driving or doing anything that requires great attention.
In the treatment of hyperuricemia, 2 to 3 liters of fluids should be consumed daily before chemotherapy.
In case of kidney failure, the risk of skin symptoms increases. Also, if you have high blood pressure or any type of heart disease, use of diuretic drugs or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, a history of thyroid disease and gout attacks, the drug should be used with caution. Allopurinol interacts with aspirin-like blood pressure medications such as captopril, antibiotics such as amoxicillin or ampicillin, blood thinners such as warfarin, antidiabetic drugs, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin or carbamazepine, drugs used in chemotherapy, immunomodulating drugs, anti-asthma drugs, digestive drugs such as aluminum hydroxide, antiviral drugs, so a doctor should be consulted if you are taking the above medications.
Side effects
Allopurinol is generally well tolerated, but it may cause complications in some people.
Less common side effects: fever and chills, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, abdominal pain, hepatitis, skin and mucosal ulcers.
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